CapabilitiesSignature practice

Physical AI and Spatial Computing

Put intelligence into physical operations, where it pays back.

Where do robotics, digital twins and immersive systems pay back, and what must be true to run them?

Why it matters now

542,000
Industrial robots installed in 2024, more than double the number ten years earlierIFR World Robotics 2025
4.66M
Industrial robots in operation worldwide in 2024, up 9 percent in a yearIFR World Robotics 2025
$73.5B
Projected global market for digital-twin technologies by 2027, growing about 60 percent a yearMcKinsey & Company

Our perspective

Robots, sensors, digital twins and immersive systems are converging into one operating fabric. We size where it creates value, design the architecture on open standards, and get process, regulation and accessibility right from the start.

Exhibit: the physical AI stack, on open standards
Enterprise decisionsPlanning, finance, maintenanceDigital twinGoverned system of record, simulationShared scene and dataOpen 3D scene description, machine-data standardsPerception and controlSensors, robots, edge compute
  1. Enterprise decisions Planning, finance, maintenance
  2. Digital twin Governed system of record, simulation
  3. Shared scene and data Open 3D scene description, machine-data standards
  4. Perception and control Sensors, robots, edge compute

Where value is created, and where interoperability is decided. Source: Hkdolts reference architecture.

01

Interoperable data comes before intelligent machines

Robots and twins only compound value when machine data means the same thing across vendors. Open manufacturing-data standards are the precondition for physical AI that scales beyond a single line or supplier.

Source: MTConnect, open standard for manufacturing data interoperability

02

The scene is becoming the interface

Pixar, Adobe, Apple, Autodesk and NVIDIA founded an alliance to standardize OpenUSD so 3D content moves between tools. Digital twins, simulation and immersive work are converging on that shared scene description, and so should architecture decisions.

Source: Alliance for OpenUSD

Proof points

  • Contributor to MTConnect, the open, royalty-free standard that gives manufacturing equipment data one meaning across vendors.
  • Native accessibility prototypes built on OpenUSD, for blind users and single-switch users; Chair of DEI at the Alliance for OpenUSD.
  • Chair of the task force that curates the metaverse industry’s published use-case portfolio. Metaverse Standards Forum
  • Physical AI strategy, reference architecture and operating playbook for robotics and digital-twin programmes.

How we help clients

Eight capabilities, each defined by what the client receives.

01

Physical AI strategy

A prioritized use-case portfolio and a staged, gated investment path, before capital goes into robots or sensors.

What clients receive

  • A use-case portfolio ranked by value and feasibility
  • A business case with investment gates
  • A roadmap from pilot to scale
02

Robotics and automation architecture

A reference architecture from perception and control to enterprise systems, with machine data on open interoperability standards.

What clients receive

  • A perception-to-control reference architecture
  • Machine data that carries one meaning across vendors
  • An integration plan for enterprise systems
03

Digital twins

The twin as the governed system of record for physical operations, used to test decisions before they are made.

What clients receive

  • A twin architecture and governance model
  • Controls over data, models and change
  • Simulation that informs operating decisions
04

Operating process and workforce

The process frontline teams run, with roles, controls and safety designed in.

What clients receive

  • An operating playbook
  • Roles, responsibilities and controls
  • A workforce adoption plan
05

Immersive programme readiness and delivery

Readiness scored, use cases prioritized against the industry’s published portfolio, and delivery run to a governed framework.

What clients receive

  • A readiness score with each gap mapped to an action
  • A prioritized use-case portfolio
  • A delivery framework with executive reporting
06

Regulatory alignment for immersive systems

Obligations across markets mapped to the product and data decisions behind an immersive system.

What clients receive

  • An obligations map by market
  • Design decisions that meet them
  • A priced path to alignment
07

Accessible and interoperable 3D

Accessibility designed into the scene itself, on open 3D standards, so content works for every user and every platform.

What clients receive

  • Working prototypes for assistive use cases
  • Plain-language implementation guides
  • Content built to move across platforms
08

Innovation testbed

A controlled proving ground across robotics, immersive, identity and provenance, to test before scaling.

What clients receive

  • A testbed scoped to the client’s question
  • Evidence from pilots, not projections
  • A clear recommendation to scale, adapt or stop

Who we serve, the outcome and why Hkdolts

Who we serve

  • Manufacturers and industrial operators
  • Logistics and infrastructure owners
  • Technology companies building immersive products
  • Enterprises scaling immersive training and collaboration

The outcome

Investment in robotics, twins and immersive systems that follows a staged, governed path to measurable return.

Why Hkdolts

  • Contributor to the open standard for manufacturing data interoperability
  • Leadership in the forum that coordinates metaverse interoperability, and in the alliance behind the open 3D scene standard
  • Native accessibility prototypes built on the open scene standard

How we engage

A strategy and architecture diagnostic, then pilots in a controlled testbed, then a programme we build, operate and transfer.

Our impact

Selected work behind this practice.

Physical AI strategyIndustrial and manufacturing

What we didStrategy, reference architecture and operating process for robotics and digital twins

The impactInvestment follows a staged, gated path

Machine-data standardsIndustrial and manufacturing

What we didContribution to the open standard for manufacturing data interoperability

The impactEquipment data carries one meaning across vendors

Immersive readiness assessmentTechnology, media and telecommunications

What we didScored readiness with each gap mapped to a delivery action, plus a delivery framework

The impactProgrammes move from readiness to delivery, gap by gap

Immersive regulatory diagnosticTechnology, media and telecommunications

What we didAn interactive diagnostic of regulatory obligations for immersive systems across markets

The impactProduct teams see which obligations apply, and what alignment costs

Accessibility prototypesTechnology, media and telecommunications

What we didNative prototypes on the open 3D scene standard for blind and single-switch users

The impactAssistive needs are designed into the scene itself

Use-case landscapeTechnology, media and telecommunications

What we didAnalysis of every use case published by an industry forum, with a flagship programme concept

The impactThe forum sees where demand concentrates and where standards are missing

Related research

Published perspectives on the questions behind this practice.

All insights

Bring us the decision

Tell us where you stand. We will reply with how we would approach it.

From the United States to leadership teams worldwide, virtually or on site.

  1. 1
    FrameAgree the decision to be made and the evidence it requires.
  2. 2
    BaselineEstablish where the organization stands today.
  3. 3
    CommitAgree the scope, the model and the price.